Energy Pills
Energy pills.
Practical guides and insights to understand the energy market, read your bill, and optimize your company's consumption.
Bills & Contracts
How to read a company's electricity bill in Italy
The items on a non-domestic electricity bill, at low and medium voltage: supply, network, system charges, power, reactive energy, excise duty and VAT, with the checks to run.
Read articleHow to read a company's natural gas bill in Italy
From the cubic metres on the meter to the Smc billed, from the supply cost to excise duty for non-domestic use: the items on a company's gas bill and the checks to run.
Read articleFree market and last-resort services: what applies to businesses
For businesses, price protection ended years ago: what remains is the free market and last-resort services. Rules, thresholds and the 31 March 2027 deadline for those in the Gradual Protection Service.
Read articleFixed or variable price: choosing a business energy and gas contract
What a fixed price really locks in, how a price indexed to the PUN Index GME or the PSV is built, and which clauses to check before signing.
Read articleF1, F2 and F3 time bands: what they mean for a business
ARERA's definition of the three bands, why F1 is not always the most expensive, and how to use bands and load curves to read bills and contracts.
Read articlePUN and PUN Index GME: the electricity price for businesses
Since 1 January 2025 the National Single Price has been replaced by the PUN Index GME. How it is calculated, what changed with zonal prices and quarter-hours, and what to check in contracts and invoices.
Read articleDay-Ahead Market (MGP): how the price for businesses is formed
The power exchange where prices and quantities for the following day are set every day: session, marginal price, quarter-hours, European coupling and the impact on business contracts.
Read articlePOD code: how it is built and how to manage it in a company
The code that identifies every electricity withdrawal point: how it is composed, who assigns it, what does not change when you switch supplier and why it must be kept under control in contracts and invoices.
Read articleElectricity dispatching: how it reaches business invoices
Terna keeps production and consumption in balance at every moment and the cost falls on withdrawals. How MSD, uplift and the TIDE reform work, and what to check in contracts and invoices.
Read articleCapacity market: how it works and how it affects businesses
Through the capacity market Terna pays an annual premium to those who guarantee available power. Results of the 2025-2027 auctions, the 2028 auction in preparation and the rules by which the cost is spread over withdrawals.
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All topics
Bills & Contracts
Electricity Market
Gas Market
- PSV: how the gas price in business contracts is formed
- TTF: the European gas benchmark and its weight on business contracts
- PDR: the code that identifies each of a company's gas supply points
- Gas storage: the 2026 rules and their effect on prices for businesses
- LNG and regasification terminals: what changes for business gas prices
Energy Efficiency
- Energy audits for businesses in Italy: who must comply, deadlines and EU thresholds
- ISO 50001 for businesses: requirements, certification and the link with mandatory audits
- Energy manager in Italy: when the appointment is mandatory and how to file it
- White certificates (TEE): how they work for businesses after the 2025 decree
- High-efficiency cogeneration (CHP): requirements and benefits for businesses in Italy
Renewables & Environment
- PPAs for businesses: what they are and when to consider one
- Guarantees of origin (GOs): what they certify and what a business can claim
- Corporate carbon footprint: Scope 1, 2 and 3 and reporting duties after the Omnibus
- EU ETS: how the European carbon market works and what changes for businesses
- Renewable energy communities (CER): rules, incentives and the role of businesses